Class 6 - Civics NCERT

Chapter 2  – Diversity and Discrimination

🌍 Summary

India is a diverse country with many religions, languages, and customs.
Sometimes, these differences lead to prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination.
Prejudice means judging others negatively, and stereotypes fix people into unfair images.
Discrimination occurs when people are treated unequally due to caste, religion, gender, or poverty.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar fought against caste discrimination and promoted equality.
The Indian Constitution guarantees equality, freedom, and respect for diversity for all citizens.

🧩 1. Difference and Prejudice

• People differ in language, religion, food, dress, and festivals.
• India is very diverse — 8 major religions, 1600+ languages, 100+ dance forms.
• Sometimes diversity is not celebrated because people feel safe with those similar to them.
• Prejudice = judging people negatively or seeing them as inferior.
  Example: thinking English is the best language.
• Prejudices can be about religion, region, caste, skin colour, clothes, or accent.

💭 2. Creating Stereotypes

• Stereotype = fixing people into one image and assuming all are the same.
  Example: “Boys don’t cry”, “Girls are soft and gentle”.
• Stereotypes are not based on fact — they prevent us from seeing each person as unique.
• They stop individuals from exploring their talents freely.

• Common gender stereotypes:
  

  Boys: brave, strong, not emotional.
  Girls: gentle, emotional, good at cooking.

⚖️ 3. Inequality and Discrimination

• Discrimination happens when prejudices or stereotypes are acted upon.
  

  Example: denying entry to a temple or refusing to share water with someone.
• Reasons for discrimination:
  Religion, caste, wealth, language, or physical ability.
• Poor people face economic inequality due to lack of resources.
• Some groups face multiple discriminations (e.g., poor + lower caste).

👤 4. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s Experience

• Born in the Mahar caste (Dalit) — considered “untouchable”.
• Faced discrimination as a child (bullock-cart drivers refused to take him).
• Became a lawyer, leader, and Father of the Indian Constitution.
• Fought for Dalit rights and equality.
• Converted to Buddhism seeking a religion of equality.
• Taught that everyone deserves respect and equal opportunities.

🏛️ 5. Striving for Equality

• Freedom struggle also fought against social inequalities.
• Dalits, women, tribals, and peasants fought for equal rights.
• Women demanded equal access to education.
• Indian Constitution (1949) guarantees:

• India is a secular country — government treats all religions equally.
• Government must take steps to uplift poor and marginalized groups (e.g., reservations).

✊ 6. Key Values of the Constitution

📘 Important Terms

 The Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) is one of the most important exams for aspiring teachers in India. Cracking it not only requires hard work but also the right strategy and a smart study plan. If you’re preparing for CTET, here’s a simple guide to help you plan effectively.

📌 Step 1:

Before starting your preparation, it’s important to know the CTET structure:

Each paper has 150 questions (1 mark each, no negative marking). Subjects include Child Development & Pedagogy, Language I & II, Mathematics, Environmental Studies (for Paper I), and Mathematics/Science or Social Studies (for Paper II).

📌 Step 2: Make a Practical Study Plan

Here’s a basic daily routine you can follow:

Morning Slot (1–1.5 hrs)

• Read NCERT (Classes 6–8 for Social Studies / Science depending on your subject)
• Revise important concepts and definitions

Evening Slot (2–3 hrs)

• Practice CTET previous year papers and mock tests
• Watch YouTube explanation videos for tricky pedagogy and content topics
• Revise teaching methodologies (Child Development & Pedagogy is a scoring section)

👉 If you are working or a student:

• Use early morning hours for NCERT reading and note-making.
• Utilize travel time/lunch breaks for quick revision of pedagogy notes or short quizzes.
• Keep longer study sessions in the evening/night for practice tests and problem-solving.
• Weekend slots can be reserved for mock exams and full syllabus revision.

📌 Step 3: Subject-Wise Preparation Tips

✅ Child Development & Pedagogy → Focus on theories (Piaget, Vygotsky, Kohlberg), teaching-learning concepts, and inclusive education.
✅ Language I & II → Practice comprehension, grammar, and language pedagogy.
✅ Mathematics & Science → Revise NCERT basics, practice problem-solving, and link concepts with pedagogy.
✅ Social Studies → Read NCERT History, Geography, Polity chapters thoroughly.
✍️ While reading NCERT, make short notes for each chapter – this will save time during final revision and help retain facts better.

📌 Step 4: Smart Preparation Tips

✨ Start with NCERT books – they are the backbone of CTET.
✨ Solve at least 1 mock test daily in the last 30–40 days.
✨ Keep short notes for quick revision before the exam.
✨ Stay consistent – even 3–4 hours daily can help you crack CTET.
✨ Revise Pedagogy regularly – it carries 30 marks and is a game-changer.

📌 Step 5: Stay Motivated

• Don’t overload yourself with too many books. Stick to NCERT + CTET guidebooks.
• Take short breaks during study sessions.
• Believe in yourself – CTET is about smart work more than hard work.

CTET is not just about clearing an exam, it’s about becoming a competent teacher. With proper planning, regular practice, and confidence, you can clear CTET with flying colors.

Tip: Make a daily checklist and track your progress. Small consistent efforts bring big results.

 Class 6 - Civics NCERT

Chapter 1 – UNDERSTANDING OF DIVERSITY 

🌍 Summary

This chapter introduces the idea of diversity in India. It explains how people are different in terms of language, religion, food, festivals, music, dance, and lifestyle. Diversity is our strength and makes India unique. The chapter also discusses how history, geography, and culture shape our differences, and highlights the importance of respecting all communities equally.

🔑 Concept of Diversity

• Geography + History shape lifestyles, culture, and religion.
• Kerala and Ladakh are different in climate and economy, but both connected to the outside world through trade and religion.

• Diversity means differences among people in language, religion, culture, dress, food, and traditions.

• These differences make our lives rich, interesting, and unique.

• India is known for its unity in diversity — people are different but live together in harmony.

• These examples show how interactions with traders brought new religions, ideas, and cultures.
  

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📝 Key Points

1. Meaning of Diversity – Diversity means differences in people’s way of living, thinking, eating, dressing, etc.

2. India’s Diversity – India has many languages, religions, festivals, food habits, and customs.

3. Factors Behind Diversity – Geographical conditions (mountains, deserts, rivers, etc.) and historical influences (invasions, rulers, trade).

4. Unity in Diversity – Despite differences, Indians share a sense of unity, brotherhood, and common traditions.

• Importance for Democracy – Respecting diversity builds equality, tolerance, and peaceful coexistence.
  
  

  🧒  Story of Samir Ek and Samir Do

• Samir Ek – a Hindu boy who goes to school and speaks English.
• Samir Do – a Muslim boy who sells newspapers and speaks Hindi.
• Despite differences, they become friends, showing diversity builds understanding.
• The story also shows inequality — not everyone has equal opportunities like education.

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⚖️  Difference Between Diversity and Inequality

• Diversity = Natural differences (language, religion, food, culture).
• Inequality = Unfair differences (unequal resources, opportunities).
• Example: Poor children not going to school due to poverty → inequality.
• Caste system is another form of inequality in India.

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🍛  What Diversity Adds to Our Lives

• Helps us learn new languages, foods, and festivals.
• Encourages sharing, tolerance, and friendship.
• Makes our culture vibrant and creative.

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🗺️  Diversity in India

• India has many languages, foods, clothes, religions, and festivals.
• But people across India share similar emotions and values.

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🌍  Causes of Diversity

• Historical factors: Migration, trade, invasions, and travelers brought new cultures.
• Geographical factors: Climate, land, and location affect food, clothing, and work.
• Example: Coastal vs. mountain regions have different lifestyles.

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🏔️  Example – Kerala and Ladakh

Aspect	Kerala	Ladakh
Geography	Coastal state (sea and hills)	Cold desert in mountains
Climate	Hot and humid	Very cold, little rainfall
Food	Rice, fish, coconut	Meat, milk, barley
Clothes	Light cotton	Woollen clothes
Work	Farming (spices, rice), fishing, trade	Animal rearing (goats, yaks), wool trade
Religion & Culture	Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Judaism	Buddhism, Islam
Trade Influence	Arab, Chinese, Portuguese traders	Trade route to Tibet

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🤝  Unity in Diversity

• India’s strength lies in its diversity.
• During freedom struggle, people from different backgrounds united against British rule.
• The phrase “Unity in Diversity” was given by Jawaharlal Nehru.
• National symbols like the flag and anthem show India’s unity.

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🕊️  Key Definitions

• Diversity: Differences among people in many aspects.
• Inequality: Unfair treatment or lack of equal opportunities.
• Unity in Diversity: Living together peacefully despite differences.


📝 Key Points with Kerala & Ladakh

Kerala 🌴

• Shows religious, cultural, and economic diversity.
• Kerala has always been a center of spice trade (pepper, cardamom, cloves).
• Traders from Arab, Jewish, and Chinese lands came here for business.
• With Arab traders, Islam spread to Kerala.
• Later, Christians and Jews also settled here through trade.
• People’s lives revolve around fishing, farming, and sea trade.

Ladakh 🏔️

• Ladakh is a cold desert with very little farming.
• People depend on sheep rearing (pashmina wool).
• Traders from Tibet, China, and Central Asia came to Ladakh.
• Through these trade connections, Buddhism and Islam reached Ladakh.
• It became an important link between India and Central Asia.

🌏 Kerala and Ladakh – Influence of Geography on Lifestyle

1. The food people eat:

• Kerala: Being a coastal area, people eat a lot of rice, fish, and coconut-based dishes.

• Ladakh: Due to the cold climate and limited farming, people eat barley, wheat, meat, and dairy products to keep warm.

2. The clothes they wear:

• Kerala: The climate is hot and humid, so people wear light cotton clothes like mundu and saree.

• Ladakh: The weather is extremely cold, so people wear thick woollen clothes made from wool or yak hair to stay warm.

3. The work they do:

• Kerala: Many people are engaged in farming (especially rice, coconut, and spices), fishing, and tourism.

• Ladakh: People mostly do animal rearing (yaks, goats), handcrafts, and tourism-related work due to limited farming land.

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🍛 Foods from Different Parts of India

1. North India

• Chole Bhature – Punjab
• Rajma Chawal – Himachal Pradesh
• Aloo Paratha with curd – Haryana
• Rogan Josh – Jammu & Kashmir

2. South India

• Masala Dosa – Karnataka
• Idli-Sambar – Tamil Nadu
• Pesarattu – Andhra Pradesh
• Appam with Stew – Kerala

3. East India

• Momos – Sikkim
• Rasgulla – West Bengal
• Litti Chokha – Bihar
• Dalma – Odisha

4. West India

• Dhokla – Gujarat
• Pav Bhaji – Maharashtra
• Goan Fish Curry – Goa
• Dal Baati Churma – Rajasthan

5. Central India

• Poha – Madhya Pradesh
• Bhutte Ka Kees – Indore
• Sabudana Khichdi – Maharashtra/M.P.

📌 Notes for CTET Paper II

• Diversity means “Variety of differences”.
• India’s diversity reflects in culture, tradition, languages, art, and food.
• Geographical features influence lifestyles (e.g., coastal areas → fish diet, deserts → water conservation practices).
• Historical events like invasions and migration enriched Indian culture.
• Unity in Diversity is India’s biggest strength.
• Kerala → Spice trade, fishing, Arabs brought Islam, Christians came through traders.
• Ladakh → Trade with Tibet & Central Asia, Islam & Buddhism spread.
• Diversity is not just natural; it is also shaped by human interactions (trade, migration).
• India’s greatest strength = Unity in Diversity.
  
  
  

👉 Download NCERT Class 6 Civics Chapter 1 PDF Click Here 

NCERT books are the most important resource for CTET preparation as they cover the concepts in simple language. Most CTET questions are directly based on NCERT content from Classes 1 to 8.

🌍 Class 6 History NCERT Chapter 1 – What, Where, How and When?

History is the study of our past. It helps us understand how people lived, what they ate, how they traveled, how kingdoms developed, and how culture changed over time. The first chapter of Class 6 History NCERT introduces us to the basics of history—what it is, where people lived, how we come to know about the past, and how time is calculated.

📌 Summary in Simple Points

1. What – History tells us about past events, lifestyles, inventions, discoveries, and culture.

2. Where – People mostly lived near rivers, mountains, seas, and fertile lands like the Ganga, Narmada, and coastal areas.

3. How – We know about history through sources: manuscripts, inscriptions, archaeology, and oral traditions.

4. When – Time is calculated in BC (Before Christ) and AD (Anno Domini) or BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era).

5. Historians and Archaeologists – Historians study written records, archaeologists study tools, pottery, coins, and bones.

6. Why History? – It helps us understand human progress from hunting to farming and the rise of civilizations.

📌 Key Points to Remember

• History = study of past.
• Geography influenced where people lived.
• Sources: manuscripts, inscriptions, archaeology, oral traditions.
• Time is divided into BC/AD or BCE/CE.
• Historians study writings; archaeologists study remains.
• History shows how societies and cultures evolved.

📌 Short Notes (5–6 lines for CTET)

History is the study of the past. People mostly lived near rivers and fertile areas which shaped their lifestyle. Sources of history include manuscripts, inscriptions, archaeology, and oral traditions. Dates are measured as BC/AD or BCE/CE. Historians study written records while archaeologists study objects like tools, coins, and pottery. History helps us understand human development and social changes.

👉 Download NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 1 PDF Click Here 

NCERT books are the most important resource for CTET preparation as they cover the concepts in simple language. Most CTET questions are directly based on NCERT content from Classes 1 to 8.

 For B.Ed 2nd year students preparing for exams, long answer questions carry significant weight. In this blog, we’ve compiled important long-answer questions from the past four years (2021–2024)  to help you understand recurring themes and prepare effectively.

📃 2024 – Long Answer Questions (8 Marks)

1.  How Nai Talim is related to community engagement and how it connects school with community?

2. Compare the Gandhiji's and Tagore's model of Nai Talim. 

3. What are the objectives of Experiential Learning? Throw light on the role of teachers and teaching institutions in providing experiential learning. 

4. Explain the social, economic and pedagogical values of Work education. What is the importance of labour in work? 

5. What is the role of school management committee, teachers and principal in Community engagement? How can we achieve educational goal by community engagement.

6. Discuss any two best practices of Nai Talim and Field Engagement in detail. 

📃 2023 – Long Answer Questions (8 Marks)

1. What do you mean by Work Education? Explain its Social and Economic Imporatnce. (21-22-23)

2. Name some programmers run by government for development of literacy. Discuss any two of them in detail.

3. Explain Gandhi ji’s model of Nai- Talim in detail. (21-22-23)

4. What is the Relation of Community Engagement with Nai-Talim? How it is helpful in Connecting School with External Life? (21-23)

5.  Discuss need, Importance and Implementation of Experiential learning in detail. (21-22)

6. Discuss the Contemporary Relevance of Nai-Talim. Work Education, Experiential learning and Community-Engagement, according to NCF-2005 and RTE-2009. (21-22-23)

📃 2022 – Long Answer Questions (8 Marks)

1. Discuss the contemporary Relevance of Nai-Talim, work-education, experiential learning and community-engagement, according to NCF 2005 and NCFTE. (21-22-23). 

2. Name some programmes run by Government for development of Literacy. Discuss any two of them in detail. 

3. Discuss need, Importance and Implementation of experiential learning In Detail. (21-22)

4. Explain Gandhi ji's Model of Nai-Talim in Detail. (21-22-23)

5. What are the objectives of work education? Explain its social and economic importance. (21-22-23)

6. How community engagement can be increased in Teacher-Education through Nai-Talim and experiential learning?

📃 2021 – Long Answer Questions (8 Marks)

1. How Nai Talim is related to community engagement and how its connect school with community? (21-23)

2. Explain Gandhiji's model of Nai Talim in detail. (21-22-23)

3. What do you meant by work-education, and write its social and economic importance. (21-22-23)

4. Discuss need, importance and implementation of experiential learning in detail. (21-22)

5. Discuss the contemporary relevance of Nai-Talim, work-education, experiential -learning and community engagement, according to NCF 2005 and RTE 2009.  (21-22-23)

6. Write in detail the role of parents in school activities.

   👉 Click here to access the last 5 years' long answer questions from Assesment Learning
   
   📝 If you're preparing for your B.Ed. exams or just want a deeper understanding of inclusive education, these questions provide a clear direction for what to study. Stay tuned — I’ll also be posting model answers, key notes, and summary points for each of these soon!

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   📌 Tip: Bookmark this blog or share it with fellow B.Ed. students for easy reference!

   Let me know in the comments which question you'd like the answer for first. 🌈

   For B.Ed 2nd year students preparing for exams, long answer questions carry significant weight. In this blog, we’ve compiled important long-answer questions from the past four years (2021–2024)  to help you understand recurring themes and prepare effectively.

📃 2024 – Long Answer Questions (8 Marks)

1. Define the concept of Educational Assessment. What is the difference between Measurement and Assessment?
2. What do you mean by Qualitative tools in education? Describe the qualities of a good tool in education.
3. What do you mean by Educational Measurement? Explain the different levels  and functions of educational measurement.
4. What do you mean by central tendency? Explain its types, importance and limitations.
5. What do you understand by essay type examination? Explain their merits and demerits assessment of Educational achievement.
6. What do you mean by correlation? Explain its types, importance and limitations?

📃 2023 – Long Answer Questions (8 Marks)

1. Define educational measurement. Discuss the levels of measurement. What are the different functions of educational measurement? Explain.
2. Discuss the concept of educational Assessment. How does it differ from the measurement and testing? Explain.
3. What do you understand by achievement test? Explain the steps for the construction of achievement test in detail.
4. Explain the process of item analysis. 
5. What do you understand by test validity? Write down the types of the test validity in detail.
6. What do you understand by correlation? Discuss the types of correlation. Explain the uses of correlation in Educational measurement and Evaluation.

📃 2022 – Long Answer Questions (8 Marks)

1. What do you understand by Educational Evaluation? How is it significant in teaching learning process? Discuss the steps of Evaluation process.
2. What is choice Based Credit system? How does the choice based credit system. function? Explain.
3. Define Standardized test. Describe var- ious steps in test standardization pro- cess.
4. What do you understand by qualitative tools? Enlist qualitative tools used for the assessment of learning outcomes. Discuss any one of them in detail.
5. Define achievement test. Describe the procedure of developing an achievement test with illustrating blue print.
6. What is standard deviation? Explain the process of its computation from the un- grouped as well as grouped data with the help of some hypothetical data.

📃 2020 – Long Answer Questions (8 Marks)

1. Describe the meaning, definition and characteristics of measurement and evaluation. Make the differentiation between them.
2. What do you mean by Item Analysis? Discuss in detail the entire process of Item Analysis.
3. What do you mean by Assessment and Learning? Make a differentiation between Assessment for Learning' and 'Assessment of Learning'.
4. Calculate the mean from the following data:
5.             
6. Calculate the coefficient of correlation from the following data using Spearman Rank-Order method and interpret the result:
7.     
8. In the process of standardization of measuring instrument what do you mean by Objectivity. Reliability, Validity and Norms ? Discuss in detail.

        Preparing for B.Ed. 2nd year exams can be challenging, especially when it comes to important subjects like Creating an Inclusive Education. To help students revise effectively and save time, I’ve compiled a list of very short questions with answers from the last 5 years’ question papers. These are designed for quick revision and cover commonly asked concepts that often appear in exams. Whether you're brushing up before the exam or making notes, this blog will surely help.

1.          The correct answer is General and specific students.

Inclusive education involves teaching all students, including both general (typically developing) students and specific students (those with special needs or disabilities), in the same classroom setting to promote equity and diversity.

2.          IQ level of a mentally retarded child is 50-60.

3.          NIVH stands for National Institute for the Visually Handicapped, which focuses on the education, rehabilitation, and empowerment of individuals who are visually impaired.

4.          The full form of RCI The Rehabilitation Council of India.

5.          James Devis was the profounder of inclusive education.

6.          John Dewey was the author of School and Society. True

John Dewey authored The School and Society, where he emphasized the relationship between education and the broader community.

7.          Learning disability in motor skills is called Dyspraxia. True

Dyspraxia refers to a developmental coordination disorder affecting motor skill development and coordination.

8.          The Right to Education Act was introduced in the year of 2011. False

The Right to Education Act (RTE) was introduced in 2009 and came into effect on April 1, 2010.

9.          The concept of IQ was given by Stern. True

The concept of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was introduced by William Stern in 1912.

10.      The full form of NCERT is National Council of Educational Research and Training.

2023

1.          The founder of the Braille script is Louis Braille.

2.          The Institute of National Orthopaedics Handicap (NIOH) is situated in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

3.          Which organization classified hearing loss and its intensity. The WHO classifies hearing loss based on the severity of hearing impairment and the intensity of the hearing loss. The classification is typically based on the decibel (dB) levels of hearing thresholds:

4.          Inclusive Schools helps in developing the feeling of.options :  >Love  >Sympathy  >Co-operation    >All of the above - ans

5.          The National Institute for Locomotor Disabilities (NILD) is located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

6.          What is the Full Form of PIED?  Ans. PIED stands for Project Integrated Education for the Disabled. This was an initiative in India aimed at integrating children with disabilities into mainstream education.

7.          Full form of ASD is Autism Sensory Disordery.  False The full form of ASD is Autism Spectrum Disorder, which is a developmental condition affecting communication, behavior, and social interactions.

8.          Dysgraphia is associated with writing. True -Dysgraphia is a learning disability that specifically affects writing skills, including handwriting, spelling, and the ability to organize thoughts on paper.

9.          Heredity is the main cause of learning disability.False

10.      The Formua of IQ is MA/CA*100. True

2022

1.          Meaning of Inclusive Education:
Inclusive education is an approach that seeks to provide all children, regardless of their abilities or disabilities, the opportunity to learn together in the same environment, with appropriate support and accommodations.

2.          Identification of Hearing Impaired Children:
Hearing-impaired children can be identified through hearing tests, observation of speech and language development, and assessment by audiologists or other professionals.

3.          What is Mainstreaming in Education?
Mainstreaming refers to placing children with special needs in regular education classrooms, allowing them to interact with their peers while receiving support services to meet their individual learning needs.

4.          Who Was the Founder of Inclusive Education?
The concept of inclusive education is largely attributed to Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard, who worked with children with disabilities, though many others have contributed to its development over time.

5.          Team Teaching:
Team teaching is a collaborative teaching method where two or more teachers share the responsibility of instructing a group of students, often in a classroom setting that serves a diverse group of learners.

6.          Web-based Learning:
Web-based learning is a method of education that utilizes the internet to deliver content, engage students, and facilitate interaction, often through online courses or digital tools.

7.          The Children Who Are Hearing Impaired, Also Be Voice Impaired.
True
Children who are hearing impaired may also have voice impairments, as hearing plays a crucial role in speech development.

8.          Evaluation Approach is Given by B.S. Bloom.
True
B.S. Bloom developed the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, which provides a framework for classifying and evaluating educational outcomes, including cognitive skills.

9.          Aphasia is Disorder to Language Comprehension.
True
Aphasia is a disorder that affects a person’s ability to comprehend and produce language, often resulting from brain injury or stroke.

10.      Functions of NCTE:
The National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) is responsible for regulating and accrediting teacher education programs, setting standards for teacher qualifications, and ensuring the quality of teacher education in India.

2021

1.          There is no difference between mentally retarded and backward children.
False
There is a difference. Mentally retarded refers to individuals with intellectual disabilities, while backward children typically refers to those who are behind their peers in academic or social development but may not necessarily have a cognitive disability.

2.          Orthopaedically impaired children can be identified by their behavior.
False
Orthopaedic impairment is related to physical disabilities, such as those affecting movement, which may not always be immediately evident through behavior.

3.          There is no difference between Guidance and Counselling.
False
Guidance refers to providing advice and direction, while counselling involves a more in-depth, therapeutic process focused on resolving emotional, psychological, or personal issues.

4.          Inclusive Education is organized for Special children.
False
Inclusive education is organized for all children, including both typically developing children and those with special needs, to promote integration and equality in the classroom.

5.          Braille was developed by Louis.
True
Louis Braille developed the Braille system, which is used by visually impaired individuals to read and write.

6.          Stammering is a type of _____ disorder.
Speech disorder
Stammering is a type of speech disorder where an individual has difficulty with the fluency and flow of speech.

7.          Founder of Inclusive education was _____.
Itard
Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard is considered one of the pioneers in the field of inclusive education.

8.          Co-teaching means _____.
Two or more teachers working together
Co-teaching refers to a teaching model where two or more educators share responsibility for teaching the same group of students, often in an inclusive classroom setting.

9.          Recommendations of education for equality of women was done by _______.
Kothari Commission
The Kothari Commission (1964-1966) recommended various measures for the promotion of education and equality for women in India.

10.      Health impaired children are admitted in special schools or integrated schools that provide support and accommodations based on their specific needs.

2020

1.          Arrangement of Inclusive Education is to be for exceptional children. True
Inclusive education is designed to accommodate all learners, including those with exceptional needs.

2.          National Institute of Visually Handicapped is in Dehradun. True
The National Institute for the Visually Handicapped (NIVH) is located in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

3.          IQ of gifted children is considered above? 130 -Gifted children typically have an IQ above 130.

4.          The National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) is headquartered in New Delhi.

5.          First of all, the concept of IQ was given by? William Stern The concept of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was introduced by William Stern.

6.          Establishment of RCI was in? 1992 The Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) was established in 1992.

7.          Concept of Programmed instruction was given by? a. B.F. Skinner
B.F. Skinner developed the concept of programmed instruction as part of his work in behaviorism.

8.          Identification of mentally retarded children is based on? c. Both a and b
Identification is based on both educational achievement and IQ.

9.          Founder of Inclusive Education - Itard
Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard is considered one of the pioneers in the field of special and inclusive education.

10.      NCTE was established in? 1995
The National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) was established in 1995.

I hope these very short questions and answers from past papers help you in your revision and boost your confidence for the upcoming exam. If you found this post useful, feel free to share it with your batchmates. Best of luck for your B.Ed. exams—stay focused, revise smart, and believe in your hard work. For more helpful posts on B.Ed. topics, stay connected!

I hope these questions and answers from past papers help you in your revision:

InclusiveEducation - Past 5 years Long Questions (2020-2024)

InclusiveEducation - Past 5 years Short Questions

InclusiveEducation - Past 5 years Very short Questions with Answers